2009年2月4日 星期三

雄性求偶聲在一種螟蛾族群中反應基準之變異:關於求偶場所的解釋

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Reaction Norm Variants for Male Calling Song in Populations of Achroia grisella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): Toward a Resolution of the Lek Paradox
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Yihong Zhou 1,2 , Heidi K. Kuster 1 , Jeffrey S. Pettis 3 , Robert G. Danka 4 , Jennifer M. Gleason 1 , and Michael D. Greenfield 1,5,6
1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045 2 E-mail: zhouyh@ku.edu 3 USDA ARS Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland 20705 4 USDA ARS Honey Bee Breeding Genetics and Physiology Research Laboratory, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70820 5 Institut de recherche sur la biologie de l'insecte, CNRS UMR 6035, Université François Rabelais de Tours, 37200 Tours, France 6 E-mail: michael.greenfield@univ-tours.fr Associate Editor: J. Mappes

ABSTRACT

Significant additive genetic variance often occurs for male advertisement traits in spite of the directional selection imposed by female choice, a problem generally known in evolutionary biology as the lek paradox. One hypothesis, which has limited support from recent studies, for the resolution of this paradox is the role of genotype × environment interaction in which no one genotype exhibits the superior performance in all environments—a crossover of reaction norms. However, these studies have not characterized the actual variation of reaction norms present in natural populations, and the extent to which crossover maintains genetic variance remains unknown. Here, we present a study of genotype × environment interaction for the male calling song in populations of Achroia grisella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae; lesser waxmoth). We report significant variance among reaction norms for male calling song in two North American populations of A. grisella as measured along temperature, food availability, and density gradients, and there is a relatively high incidence of crossover of the temperature reaction norms. This range of reaction norm variants and their crossover may reflect the co-occurrence of plastic and canalized genotypes, and we argue that the different responses of these variants along environmental gradients may contribute toward the maintenance of genetic variance for male song.

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